Ingorabahizi ya silage iratandukanye kubera ubwoko bwibimera bitandukanye, ibyiciro bikura hamwe nibigize imiti. Kubikoresho fatizo byibimera bigoye kuyungurura (ibirimo karubone nkeya, amazi menshi, buffer nyinshi), silage yumye yumye, silage ivanze cyangwa silage yongeweho irashobora gukoreshwa muri rusange.
Kwiyongera kwa methyl (ant) silage acide nuburyo bukoreshwa cyane bwa acide acide mumahanga. Noruveje hafi 70 ya silage yongeyehoacide, Ubwongereza kuva 1968 nabwo bwakoreshejwe henshi, dosiye yacyo ni kg 2,85 kuri toni yibikoresho bya silage byongewehoAcide 85, Reta zunzubumwe zamerika kuri toni yibikoresho bya silage byongewemo aside 90 ya formike 4.53 kg. Birumvikana ko umubare waacidebiratandukana hamwe nubunini bwacyo, ingorane za silage nintego ya silage, kandi umubare wongeyeho muri rusange ni 0.3 kugeza 0.5 byuburemere bwibikoresho fatizo bya silage, cyangwa 2 kugeza 4ml / kg.
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Acide ni aside ikomeye muri acide kama, kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya imbaraga, nibicuruzwa bya kokiya. Inyongera yaacide nibyiza kuruta kongeramo acide organique nka H2SO4 na HCl, kuko acide organique ifite ingaruka za acide gusa, kandi acide ntishobora kugabanya agaciro ka pH gusa ka silage, ariko kandi irashobora kubuza guhumeka ibimera hamwe na mikorobe mibi (Clostridium, bacillus na bagiteri zimwe na zimwe za bagiteri). Byongeye,acide Irashobora kubora mo CO2 na CH4 zidafite ubumara bwamatungo mugihe cya silage na digeste ya rumen, naacide ubwayo irashobora kandi kwinjizwa no gukoreshwa. Silage ikozwe muri acide formique ifite ibara ryicyatsi kibisi, impumuro nziza nubwiza buhanitse, kandi gutakaza proteine yangirika ni 0.3 ~ 0.5 gusa, mugihe muri silage muri rusange igera kuri 1.1 ~ 1.3. Bitewe no kongeramo aside irike kuri alfalfa na clover silage, fibre yagabanutseho 5.2 ~ 6.4, kandi fibre yagabanutse yagizwe hydrolyz muri oligosaccharide, yashoboraga kwinjizwa no gukoreshwa ninyamaswa, mugihe fibre rusange yagabanutse gusa. na 1.1 ~ 1.3. Wongeyeho, wongeyehoacidekuri silage irashobora gutuma gutakaza karotene, vitamine C, calcium, fosifore nizindi ntungamubiri bitari munsi ya silage isanzwe.
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2.1 Ingaruka ya aside irike kuri pH
Nubwoacide ni acide cyane mumuryango wa aside irike, ifite intege nke cyane kuruta acide organic organique ikoreshwa mugikorwa cya AIV. Kugabanya pH yibihingwa kugeza munsi ya 4.0,acide muri rusange ntabwo ikoreshwa mubwinshi. Kwiyongera kwa acide formic irashobora kugabanya agaciro ka pH byihuse mugice cyambere cya silage, ariko igira ingaruka zitandukanye kumpera ya pH yanyuma ya silage. Urwegoacide impinduka pH nayo yibasiwe nibintu byinshi. Umubare wa bacteri acide lactique (LAB) wagabanutseho kimwe cya kabiri na pH ya silage yiyongeraho gato wongeyehoAcide 854ml / kg kuri silage ya forage. Igihe acide (5ml / kg) hiyongereye kuri silage ya forage, LAB yagabanutseho 55 naho pH yiyongera kuva kuri 3.70 igera kuri 3.91. Ingaruka isanzwe yaacide kuri silage ibikoresho bibisi bifite amazi make ya elegitoronike ya karubone (WSC). Muri ubu bushakashatsi, bavuraga silage ya alfalfa hamwe na (1.5ml / kg), hagati (3.0ml / kg), hamwe na (6.0ml / kg) yo hejuruAcide 85. Ibisubizo pH yari munsi yicy'itsinda rishinzwe kugenzura, ariko hamwe no kwiyongera kwaacidekwibanda, pH yagabanutse kuva 5.35 igera kuri 4.20. Kubihingwa byinshi byangiritse, nkibyatsi bya leguminine, hakenewe aside nyinshi kugirango pH igabanuke kurwego rwifuzwa. Birasabwa ko urwego rukwiye rwa alfalfa ari 5 ~ 6ml / kg.
2.2 Ingaruka zaacide kuri microflora
Kimwe nandi mavuta acide, ingaruka ya antibacterial yaacide biterwa ningaruka ebyiri, imwe ningaruka ziterwa na hydrogène ion, naho ubundi ni uguhitamo aside idafite ubuntu kuri bagiteri. Muri urwo ruhererekane rwa acide, amavuta ya hydrogène ion agabanuka hamwe no kwiyongera kwuburemere bwa molekile, ariko ingaruka za antibacterial ziriyongera, kandi uyu mutungo urashobora kuzamuka byibuze ukagera kuri aside C12. Hemejwe koacide yagize ingaruka nziza mukubuza gukura kwa bagiteri mugihe agaciro ka pH kari 4. Tekinike ya plate ya tekinike yapimye ibikorwa bya mikorobe yaacide, kandi yasanze amoko yatoranijwe ya Pediococcus na Streptococcus yose yabujijwe kuri aacideurwego rwa 4.5ml / kg. Ariko, lactobacilli (L. Buchneri L. Cesei na L. platarum) ntiyabujijwe rwose. Byongeye kandi, amoko ya Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilis, na B. Brevis yashoboye gukura muri 4.5ml / kg ya acide. Inyongera ya 85 acide. , 102 mu itsinda rya acide sulfurike), bityo ukarinda umubare munini wa WSC (211g / kg mu itsinda rya aside aside, 12 mu itsinda rishinzwe kugenzura, 12 mu itsinda rya aside). Itsinda rya acide sulfurike ni 64), rishobora gutanga izindi mbaraga zingufu zo gukura kwa mikorobe ya rumen. Umusemburo ufite kwihanganira bidasanzweacide, kandi umubare munini wibinyabuzima wasangaga muri silage ibikoresho fatizo bivurwa nurwego rusabwa rwaacide. Kubaho nigikorwa cyumusemburo muri silage ntabwo wifuzwa. Mugihe cya anaerobic, umusemburo utanga isukari kugirango ubone ingufu, utange Ethanol kandi ugabanye ibintu byumye.Acide ifite ingaruka zikomeye zo guhagarika kuri Clostridium difficile na bagiteri zo munda, ariko imbaraga zingaruka ziterwa nubunini bwa acide yakoreshejwe, hamwe nubushyuhe buke bwaacide mubyukuri uteze imbere gukura kwa heterobacteria. Kubyerekeranye no guhagarika enterobacter, inyongera yaacide yagabanije pH, ariko umubare wa enterobacter ntushobora kugabanuka, ariko gukura byihuse kwa bagiteri ya acide lactique yabujije enterobacter, kuko ingaruka zaacide kuri enterobacter yari munsi ya bagiteri ya acide lactique. Bagaragaje ko urwego ruciriritse (3 kugeza 4ml / kg) rwaacide irashobora kubuza bacteri za acide lactique kuruta enterobacter, biganisha ku ngaruka mbi kuri fermentation; Hejuru gato acide urwego rwabujije Lactobacillus na enterobacter. Binyuze mu bushakashatsi bwa ryegras burimwaka hamwe na 360g / kg DM irimo, byagaragaye koacide (3.5g / kg) irashobora kugabanya umubare wa mikorobe yose, ariko ntigire ingaruka nke mubikorwa bya bagiteri ya acide lactique. Imigozi minini ya alfalfa (DM 25, DM 35, DM 40) yavuwe hakoreshejwe aside ya formike (4.0 ml / kg, 8.0ml / kg). Silage yatewe na clostridium na Aspergillus flavus. Nyuma y'iminsi 120,acide nta ngaruka byagize ku mubare wa clostridium, ariko byagize ingaruka zuzuye kuri nyuma.Acide ishishikariza kandi gukura kwa bagiteri Fusarium.
2.3 Ingaruka zaAcideku bigize silage Ingaruka zaacide ku miti ya silage itandukana nurwego rusabwa, ubwoko bwibimera, icyiciro cyo gukura, DM na WSC, hamwe na silage.
Mubikoresho byasaruwe hamwe nu munyururu, hasiacide kuvura ntabwo bigira ingaruka nziza kuri Clostridium, irinda isenyuka rya poroteyine, kandi aside irike yonyine irashobora kubikwa neza. Hamwe nibikoresho byaciwe neza, acide formic yose ivura silage irabitswe neza. Ibiri muri DM, azote ya poroteyine na aside ya lactique muriacideitsinda ryariyongereye, mugihe ibiri muriacide na azote ya amoniya yagabanutse. Hamwe no kwiyongera kwaacide kwibanda,acide na acide lactique yagabanutse, WSC na azote ya protein byiyongera. Igiheacide . Igihe acide yongerewe mubihingwa bikungahaye kuri WSC, fermentation ya acide lactique yari yiganje kandi silage yabitswe neza.Acide kugabanya umusaruro waacide na acide lactique kandi ibitse WSC. Koresha urwego 6 (0, 0.4, 1.0,.acide (85)ya 2.0, 4.1, 7.7ml / kg. Ibisubizo byerekanye ko WSC yiyongereye hamwe no kwiyongera kwa acide formique, azote ya ammoniya na acide acetike ibinyuranye, kandi ibirimo aside ya lactique byiyongereye mbere hanyuma bigabanuka. Mubyongeyeho, ubushakashatsi bwerekanye kandi ko iyo urwego rwo hejuru (4.1 na 7.7ml / kg) rwaacide zarakoreshejwe, ibirimo WSC muri silage byari 211 na 250g / kgDM, bikarenga WSC yambere yibikoresho bya silage (199g / kgDM). Bikekwa ko igitera gishobora kuba hydrolysis ya polysaccharide mugihe cyo kubika. Ibisubizo Acide ya lactique,acide na ammoniya azote ya silage muriacideitsinda ryari munsi gato ugereranije nabari mumatsinda yo kugenzura, ariko ntacyo byagize kubindi bice. Ibinyamisogwe n'ibigori byose byasaruwe mu gihe cyo kwera byavuwe hakoreshejwe aside 85 (0, 2.5, 4.0, 5.5mlkg-1), kandi isukari ishonga ya silage y'ibigori yariyongereye ku buryo bugaragara, mu gihe ibiri muri acide lactique, acide acike na azote ya amoniya yagabanutse. Ibigize aside ya lactique muri silage ya sayiri byagabanutse cyane, azote ya amoniya naacide nayo yagabanutse, ariko ntabwo bigaragara, kandi isukari ishonga yariyongereye.
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Ubushakashatsi bwemeje neza ko inyongera ya acidesilage yari ingirakamaro mu kunoza ibiryo ku bushake gufata silage yumye hamwe nubworozi. Ongerahoacidesilage itaziguye nyuma yo gusarura irashobora kongera igogorwa ryibintu kama 7, mugihe silage yogosha yiyongera gusa 2. Iyo harebwa uburyo igogorwa ryingufu zitaweho, kuvura aside irike itera imbere munsi ya 2. Nyuma yubushakashatsi bwinshi, byemezwa ko amakuru yo kurya neza kama ibogamye kubera gutakaza fermentation. Ubushakashatsi bwo kugaburira bwerekanye kandi ko impuzandengo y’ubwiyongere bw’amatungo yari 71 naho iya silage yohasi yari 27. Byongeye kandi, silage ya aside irike iteza imbere amata2. Kugaburira ubushakashatsi hamwe na nyakatsi na acide formic byateguwe hamwe nibikoresho bimwe byerekanaga ko silage ishobora kongera amata yinka yinka. Ijanisha ryiyongera ryimikorere muriacide kuvura byari bike mu gutanga amata kuruta kwiyongera ibiro. Ongeramo aside ihagije ihagije mubihingwa bigoye (nk'ibyatsi byo mu birenge by'inkoko, alfalfa) bigira ingaruka zigaragara ku mikorere y'amatungo. Ibisubizo byaacide kuvura silage ya alfalfa (3.63 ~ 4.8ml / kg) byerekanaga ko igogorwa ryumubiri, gufata ibintu byumye ndetse no kunguka buri munsi silage ya acide ya silike mu nka n'intama byari hejuru cyane ugereranije nabari mumatsinda yo kugenzura.
Inyungu ya buri munsi yintama mumatsinda yo kugenzura niyo yerekanye kwiyongera nabi. Kwiyongera kwa acide formike mubihingwa bikungahaye kuri WSC bifite DM yo hagati (190-220g / kg) mubisanzwe ntabwo bigira ingaruka nke mubikorwa byamatungo. Silage ya Ryegrass hamwe na aside ya formike (2,6ml / kg) yakozwe mubushakashatsi bwo kugaburira. Nubwoacide silage yiyongereye ibiro 11 ugereranije no kugenzura, itandukaniro ntabwo ryari rifite akamaro. Gusya kwa silage ebyiri zapimwe mu ntama byari bimwe. Kugaburira silage y'ibigori inka zamata byerekanaga koacidebyiyongereyeho gato silage yumye gufata, ariko ntibyagize ingaruka kumusaruro wamata. Hano hari amakuru make kumikoreshereze yingufu zaacide acide. Mu igeragezwa ryintama, ingufu za metabolizable yibintu byumye no gufata neza silage byari hejuru kurenza ibyatsi n’ibyatsi byasaruwe mu bihe bitatu byo gukura. Ubushakashatsi bwo kugereranya agaciro k'ingufu hamwe na silage ya acide ya formic yerekanaga ko nta tandukaniro riri hagati yuburyo bwo guhindura ingufu za metabolike mu mbaraga za net. Kwiyongera kwa acide formic mubyatsi byatsi birashobora gufasha kurinda proteine zayo.
Ibisubizo byerekanye ko kuvura aside ya ficike ya nyakatsi na alfalfa bishobora kunoza ikoreshwa rya azote muri silage, ariko nta ngaruka nini byagize ku igogora. Igipimo cyo kwangirika kwa azote ya ensilage ivurwa na acide formique muri rumen yari hafi 50 ~ 60% ya azote yose.
Birashobora kugaragara ko imbaraga nubushobozi bwa silic acide ya silike muri rumen synthesis ya proteine ya thallus iragabanuka. Igipimo cyangirika cyibintu byumye muri rumen byatejwe imbere cyaneacide acide. Nubwo silage ya aside irike ishobora kugabanya umusaruro wa ammonia, irashobora kandi kugabanya igogorwa rya poroteyine mumitsi no munda.
4. Kuvanga ingaruka za acide hamwe nibindi bicuruzwa
4.1Acide na formaldehyde ivanze mubikorwa, na acideyonyine ikoreshwa mu kuvura silage, ihenze kandi ibora; Gusya no gufata ibintu byamatungo byagabanutse mugihe silage yavuwe hamwe cyane acide. Ubushuhe buke bwa aside irike itera gukura kwa clostridium. Muri rusange abantu bemeza ko guhuza aside ya formic na fordehide hamwe nubushakashatsi buke bifite ingaruka nziza. Acide ya formike ikora cyane cyane nka fermentation inhibitor, mugihe fordehide irinda poroteyine kutangirika cyane muri rumen.
Ugereranije nitsinda rishinzwe kugenzura, inyungu za buri munsi ziyongereyeho 67 naho umusaruro w’amata wariyongereye wongeyeho aside ya forme na fordehide. Hinks n'abandi. (1980) yakoze imvange ya rygrassacide silage (3.14g / kg) na aside ya formike (2.86g / kg) -formaldehyde (1.44g / kg), hanyuma ipima igogorwa rya silage hamwe n'intama, kandi ikora ubushakashatsi bwo kugaburira inka zikura. Ibisubizo Hariho itandukaniro rito muburyo bwo gusya hagati yubwoko bubiri bwa silage, ariko imbaraga za metabolizable za formic-formaldehyde silage yari hejuru cyane ugereranijeacide acide wenyine. Ingufu za metabolizable zifata hamwe ninyungu za buri munsi za forma-formaldehyde silage yari hejuru cyane ugereranije acide silage yonyine mugihe inka zagaburirwaga silage na sayiri byongerwamo kg 1.5 kumunsi. Imvange ivanze irimo hafi 2.8ml / kg yaacide n'urwego ruto rwa fordedehide (hafi 19g / kg ya poroteyine) irashobora kuba ihuriro ryiza mubihingwa byo mu rwuri.
4.2Acide ivanze nubuzima bwibinyabuzima Ihuriro ryaacide ninyongeramusaruro yibinyabuzima irashobora kunoza cyane intungamubiri za silage. Ibyatsi bya Cattail (DM 17.2) byakoreshwaga nkibikoresho fatizo, aside aside na lactobacillus byongewemo silage. Ibisubizo byerekanye ko bacteri za acide lactique zitanga umusaruro mwinshi mugihe cyambere cya silage, zagize ingaruka nziza mukubuza fermentation ya mikorobe mibi. Muri icyo gihe, aside ya nyuma ya acide ya lactique ya silage yari hejuru cyane ugereranije na silage isanzwe hamwe na acide formic aside, aside aside ya lactique yiyongereyeho 50 ~ 90, mugihe ibiri muri propyl, acide butyric na azote ya amoniya byagabanutse cyane. . Umubare wa acide lactique na acide acetike (L / A) wariyongereye cyane, byerekana ko bagiteri ya acide lactique yongereye urugero rwa fermentation ya homogeneous mugihe cya silage.
5 Incamake
Birashobora kugaragara kuva hejuru ko ingano ikwiye ya acide formique muri silage ifitanye isano nubwoko bwibihingwa nibihe bitandukanye byo gusarura. Kwiyongera kwa acide formique bigabanya pH, ibirimo azote ya amoniya, kandi bikagumana isukari nyinshi zishonga. Ariko, ingaruka zo kongeraacideku igogorwa ryibintu kama nibikorwa byumusaruro wamatungo biracyakomeza kwigwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-06-2024