Gutegura no gukoresha acide glacial acetic

Gutegura no gukoresha acide glacial acetic

Acide acike, nanoneacide, acide glacial acetic, imiti yimitiCH3COOH, ni acide kama ya monic hamwe na acide yuzuye ya acide yuzuye amavuta, niyo soko ya acide numunuko ukabije muri vinegere. Mu bihe bisanzwe, byitwa “acide", Ariko aside irike kandi hafi ya acide acide (munsi y'amazi 1%) yitwa"acide glacial acetic“, Ni hygroscopique idafite ibara rifite ingingo ikonje ya 16 kugeza 17° C (62° F), na nyuma yo gukomera, ni ibara ritagira ibara. Nubwo aside irike ari aside idakomeye, irabora, imyuka yayo irakaza amaso nizuru, kandi ihumura neza kandi ikarishye.

amateka

Umwaka ukenewe kwisi yoseacide ni toni zigera kuri miliyoni 6.5. Muri byo, toni zigera kuri miliyoni 1.5 zongera gukoreshwa kandi toni miliyoni 5 zisigaye ziva mu bubiko bwa peteroli cyangwa mu buryo bwa fermentation.

Uwitekaacide glacial acetic bacteri fermenting (Acetobacter) irashobora kuboneka mubice byose byisi, kandi buri gihugu byanze bikunze kibona vinegere mugihe cyo gukora vino - nibicuruzwa bisanzwe byibi binyobwa bisindisha bihura numwuka. Kurugero, mubushinwa, hari umugani uvuga ko umuhungu wa Du Kang, Umunara wumukara, yabonye vinegere kuko yakoze vino igihe kirekire.

Ikoreshwa ryaacide glacial aceticmuri chimie kuva kera cyane. Mu kinyejana cya 3 mbere ya Yesu, umuhanga mu bya filozofiya w’Ubugereki Theophrastus yasobanuye mu buryo burambuye uburyo aside ya asike ifata ibyuma kugira ngo itange pigment ikoreshwa mu buhanzi, harimo isasu ryera (karubone ya karubone) na patina (imvange yumunyu wumuringa harimo na acetate y'umuringa). Abanyaroma ba kera batekaga vino ikarishye mu bikoresho byabigenewe kugira ngo batange umutobe uryoshye cyane witwa sapa. sapa yari ikungahaye ku isukari ihumura neza, isukari ya acetate, itera uburozi bwa gurş mu banyacyubahiro b'Abaroma. Mu kinyejana cya 8, alchemiste w’Abaperesi Jaber yibanze kuri acide acecite muri vinegere.

Mu 1847, umuhanga mu Budage Adolf Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe yashizemo aside acike ivuye mu bikoresho fatizo bidakomoka ku buhinzi bwa mbere. Inzira yiyi reaction niyambere ya karubone ya disulfide ikoresheje chlorine muri tetrachloride ya karubone, ikurikirwa no kubora kwubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa tetrachlorethylene nyuma ya hydrolysis, na chlorine, bityo bikabyara aside trichloroacetic, intambwe yanyuma yo kugabanya electrolytike kugirango ikore aside aside.

Mu 1910, benshi muriacide glacial acetic yakuwe mu gitereko cy'amakara mu biti byagarutsweho. Ubwa mbere, igitereko cyamakara kivurwa na hydroxide ya calcium, hanyuma calcium acetate ikozwemo aside hamwe na acide sulfurike kugirango ibone aside irike. Toni zigera ku 10,000 za acide acetique glacial yakozwe mu Budage muri iki gihe, 30% muri zo zikoreshwa mu gukora irangi rya indigo.

kwitegura

Acide acetike ya glacial Irashobora gutegurwa na synthesis artificiel na fermentation ya bagiteri. Muri iki gihe, biosynthesis, ikoreshwa rya fermentation ya bagiteri, bingana na 10% gusa by’umusaruro w’isi ku isi, ariko iracyari uburyo bw’ingenzi bwo gukora vinegere, kubera ko amabwiriza y’umutekano w’ibiribwa mu bihugu byinshi asaba ko vinegere mu biribwa itegurwa n’ibinyabuzima. 75% yaacide gukoresha inganda zikorwa na carbonylation ya methanol. Ibice birimo ubusa bihuzwa nubundi buryo.

Koresha

Acide acetike ya glacial ni acide yoroshye ya karubike, igizwe nitsinda rimwe rya methyl nitsinda rimwe rya karubasi, kandi ningirakamaro ya reagent. Mu nganda zikora imiti, ikoreshwa mugukora polyethylene terephthalate, igice cyingenzi cyamacupa yibinyobwa.Acide acetike ya glacial ikoreshwa kandi mugukora acetate ya selile na firime na polyvinyl acetate kubiti bifata ibiti, kimwe na fibre synthique hamwe nigitambara. Murugo, gabanya igisubizo cya acide glacial aceticikoreshwa kenshi nkumukozi umanuka. Mu nganda zibiribwa, aside ya asike isobanurwa nkumuteguro wa acide kurutonde rwinyongera rwibiryo E260.

Acide acetike ya glacialni shingiro ryimiti reagent ikoreshwa mugutegura ibice byinshi. Imikoreshereze imwe ya acide ni ugutegura vinyl acetate monomer, hagakurikiraho gutegura anhydride ya acetike nizindi esters. Uwitekaacide muri vinegere ni agace gato ka boseacide glacial acetic.

Umuti wa acide acetike ukoreshwa kandi akenshi nkumuti ukuraho ingese kubera acide yoroheje. Acide yayo nayo ikoreshwa mukuvura ububabare bwatewe na Cubomedusae kandi, iyo bikoreshejwe mugihe, birashobora gukumira imvune zikomeye cyangwa n’urupfu mu guhagarika ingirabuzimafatizo za jellyfish. Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugutegura kuvura otitis externa hamwe na Vosol.Acide acike ikoreshwa kandi nk'imiti igabanya ubukana kugira ngo ibuze imikurire ya bagiteri na fungi.