Itandukaniro】
Ingingo yo gushonga ya acide ya acetike-isukuye cyane ni dogere 16.7, bityo acide acike izakora urubura nyuma yubushyuhe buke, kandi yitwa acide glacial acetic. Acide acike nizina rusange, irashobora kuba isuku nyinshi, irashobora kandi kuba isuku nke. Acide acetike ya glacial na acide acetike nibintu bimwe, bifite impumuro nziza, itandukaniro ni ukumenya niba bikomeye, acide acetike iba isanzwe iba mubushyuhe bwicyumba cya 20 ° C, kandi muri rusange irakomeye mubushyuhe buke bwa 16 ° C, nayo bita acide glacial acetic.
Acide acetike ya glacial (ibintu byera), ni ukuvuga aside aside ya anhydrous acide, acide acetike nimwe mubintu byingenzi bya acide kama, ibinyabuzima kama. Ikomera mu rubura ku bushyuhe buke kandi izwi cyane nka acide glacial acetic. Kwiyongera kwijwi mugihe cyo gukomera birashobora gutuma kontineri iturika. Flash point ni 39 ℃, igipimo cyo guturika ni 4.0% ~ 16.0%, kandi kwemererwa kwibanda mu kirere ntibirenza 25mg / m3. Acide acetike isukuye izakonja muri kirisita imeze nka kirisiti munsi yo gushonga, bityo aside ya anhydrous acetike nayo yitwa glacial acetic acide.
Byongeye kandi, acide acetike niyo miti ya kera kandi ikoreshwa cyane mubushinwa. Acide acike (36% -38%), acide glacial acetique (98%), formulaire ya chimique CH3COOH, ni acide monic organique, igice kinini cya vinegere.
【Inzira】
Acide acike irashobora gutegurwa na synthesis artificiel na fermentation ya bagiteri. Biosynthesis, ikoreshwa rya fermentation ya bagiteri, bingana na 10% gusa yumusaruro wisi ku isi, ariko iracyari uburyo bwingenzi bwo gukora aside irike, cyane cyane vinegere, kubera ko ibihugu byinshi by’umutekano w’ibiribwa bisaba ko vinegere mu biribwa igomba gutegurwa na uburyo bwibinyabuzima, na fermentation bigabanijwemo fermentation ya aerobic na fermentation ya anaerobic.
(1) Uburyo bwa fermentation ya aerobic
Hafi ya ogisijeni ihagije, bagiteri ya Acetobacter irashobora kubyara aside irike ivuye mu biribwa birimo inzoga. Mubisanzwe cider cyangwa vino ivanze nintete, malt, umuceri cyangwa ibirayi birashishwa kandi bigahinduka. Ibi bintu birashobora gusemburwa muri acide acike imbere ya enzyme ya catalitiki munsi ya ogisijeni.
(2) uburyo bwa fermentation ya anaerobic
Bagiteri zimwe na zimwe za anaerobic, harimo na bamwe mu bagize ubwoko bwa Clostridium, zirashobora guhindura isukari mu buryo butaziguye aside acike idakenewe Ethanol hagati. Sucrose irashobora gusemburwa muri acide acike mugihe ogisijeni idahari.
Byongeye kandi, bagiteri nyinshi zishobora gukora aside irike ivuye mu bice birimo karubone imwe gusa, nka methanol, monoxide ya karubone, cyangwa kuvanga karuboni ya dioxyde na hydrogen.
Gusaba】
1.
2. , cafeyine n'ibindi abahuza: acetate, diacetate ya sodium, aside peracetike, nibindi
3. Gucapa no gusiga imyenda no gusiga irangi: bikoreshwa cyane mugukora amarangi atatanye hamwe n amarangi ya TVA, hamwe no gucapa imyenda no gutunganya amarangi.
4.
5. Mu mafoto: Igisubizo cyumushinga
6. Muri reberi isanzwe: ikoreshwa nka coagulant
7. Inganda zubaka: nka anticoagulant
Byongeye kandi, ikoreshwa cyane mugutunganya amazi, fibre synthique, imiti yica udukoko, plastike, uruhu, impuzu, gutunganya ibyuma ninganda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-18-2024