Acide formique: Impinduka zinyuranye zishobora kuvugururwa kumashanyarazi yicyatsi kandi arambye

Mu myaka yashize, hamwe n’ibura ry’ibura ry’imyanda n’ibidukikije byangirika by’imibereho y’abantu, imikoreshereze inoze kandi irambye y’imikoreshereze y’amashanyarazi nka biomass yabaye intandaro y’ubushakashatsi no kwitabwaho n’abahanga ku isi. Acide ya formic, kimwe mubicuruzwa byingenzi byifashishwa mu gutunganya ibinyabuzima, ifite ibiranga bihendutse kandi byoroshye kubona, bidafite uburozi, ubwinshi bw’ingufu nyinshi, bishobora kuvugururwa kandi byangirika, n'ibindi. Kubikoresha mu gukoresha ingufu nshya no guhindura imiti ntabwo bifasha gusa kurushaho kwagura umurima wa acide ya formic, ariko kandi ifasha mugukemura ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bikunze kugaragara muburyo bwa tekinoroji ya biorefining. Uru rupapuro rwasuzumye muri make amateka y’ubushakashatsi ku mikoreshereze ya aside irike, ruvuga muri make aho ubushakashatsi bugezweho bwa aside ya formike nkibintu byiza kandi bigamije intego nyinshi kandi bigizwe na chimique hamwe na catalitike ihindura biomass, hanyuma ugereranya kandi usesengura ihame shingiro na sisitemu ya catalitiki. yo gukoresha aside irike kugirango ugere kumiti neza. Hagaragajwe ko ubushakashatsi buzaza bugomba kwibanda ku kunoza imikoreshereze ya acide ya forme no kumenya synthesis ihitamo, kandi ikanagura ibikorwa byayo hashingiwe kuri iyi ngingo.

Muri synthesis ya chimique, acide formic, nkibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije kandi bishobora kuvugururwa byinshi-bikora reagent, birashobora gukoreshwa muguhitamo guhitamo amatsinda atandukanye akora. Nka hydrogène yohereza reagent cyangwa igabanya ibintu bifite hydrogène nyinshi, acide formique ifite ibyiza byo gukora byoroshye kandi bigenzurwa, ibintu byoroheje hamwe no guhitamo imiti ugereranije na hydrogen gakondo. Ikoreshwa cyane mukugabanya guhitamo aldehydes, nitro, imine, nitrile, alkine, alukene nibindi kugirango habeho alcool, amine, alukene na alkane. Na hydrolysis hamwe nitsinda ryimikorere deprotection ya alcool na epoxide. Urebye ko aside irike ishobora no gukoreshwa nkibikoresho fatizo bya C1, nkibyingenzi byingenzi bigamije reagent, acide formic irashobora kandi gukoreshwa muburyo bwo kugabanya formalation yibikomoka kuri cinoline, formylation na methylation yibintu bya amine, karubone ya olefine no kugabanya hydration ya alkynes hamwe nizindi reaction nyinshi za tandem, nuburyo bwingenzi bwo kugera kuri synthesis nziza kandi yoroshye yicyatsi kibisi ya molekile nziza kandi igoye. Ikibazo cyibikorwa nkibi ni ugushakisha ibintu byinshi bitanga imbaraga hamwe no guhitamo byinshi hamwe nigikorwa cyo kugenzura imikorere ya acide formic hamwe nitsinda ryihariye. Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwerekanye ko gukoresha aside ya formike nkibikoresho fatizo bya C1 bishobora kandi guhuza mu buryo butaziguye imiti myinshi nka methanol hamwe no guhitamo byinshi binyuze muri catalitiki idahwitse.

Muguhindura catalitike ya biomass, imiterere myinshi ya acide formique itanga ubushobozi bwo kumenya ibyatsi bibisi, umutekano kandi bihendutse. Umutungo wa biyomasi nisoko nini kandi itanga ibyiringiro birambye, ariko kubihindura muburyo bukoreshwa bikomeje kuba ingorabahizi. Imiterere ya acide nibintu byiza bya solide ya acide irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwo kwitegura ibikoresho bya biomass kugirango bamenye gutandukanya ibice bya lignocellulose no gukuramo selile. Ugereranije na sisitemu gakondo yo gutondekanya aside irike, ifite ibyiza byo guteka gake, gutandukana byoroshye, nta kwinjiza ion organic, hamwe no guhuza gukomeye kumyuka yo hasi. Nka soko ya hydrogène ikora neza, acide formic nayo yarizwe cyane kandi ikoreshwa muguhitamo catalitike ihinduranya ya biomass platform ya chimique yongerewe agaciro, kwangirika kwa lignine kubintu bya aromatiya, hamwe na hydrodeoxidation ya bio-peteroli. Ugereranije na gakondo ya hydrogenation iterwa na H2, acide formic ifite imikorere ihindagurika kandi yoroheje. Nibyoroshye kandi bifite umutekano, kandi birashobora kugabanya neza ibikoresho ningufu zikoreshwa mumyanda yimyanda mubikorwa bijyanye no gutunganya bio. Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwerekanye ko ukoresheje depolymerizing okiside lignine mu mazi ya acide ya acide ya acide mu bihe byoroheje, hashobora kuboneka igisubizo gito cya aromatic yumuti ufite uburemere burenze 60%. Ubu buvumbuzi bushya buzana amahirwe mashya yo gukuramo mu buryo butaziguye imiti yimiti ihumura neza ya lignin.

Muri make, aside bio-ishingiye kuri bio yerekana imbaraga nyinshi muguhindura icyatsi kibisi no guhinduranya biomass, kandi guhuza kwinshi hamwe nintego nyinshi nibyingenzi kugirango tugere ku gukoresha neza ibikoresho fatizo no guhitamo ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga. Kugeza ubu, uyu murima umaze kugeraho kandi wateye imbere byihuse, ariko haracyari intera nini yo gukoresha inganda nyirizina, kandi birakenewe ubundi bushakashatsi. Ubushakashatsi bw'ejo hazaza bugomba kwibanda ku ngingo zikurikira: (1) uburyo bwo guhitamo ibyuma bifatika bya catalitiki ikora hamwe na sisitemu yo kwitwara kubitekerezo byihariye; (2) uburyo bwo gukora neza no kugenzura gukora aside irike imbere yibindi bikoresho fatizo na reagent; (3) Nigute dushobora gusobanukirwa nuburyo bwo kwitwara bwibintu bigoye bivuye kurwego rwa molekile; (4) Nigute ushobora gutezimbere cataliseri ijyanye nibikorwa bijyanye. Dutegereje ejo hazaza, hashingiwe kubikenewe muri societe igezweho kubidukikije, ubukungu niterambere rirambye, chimie acide formique izitabwaho cyane nubushakashatsi buva mu nganda na za kaminuza.