acide

1. Imikoreshereze nyamukuru ya acide formique hamwe niterambere ryubushakashatsi muri selile
Nkibikoresho bya hydrogène, aside aside irashobora kurekura hydrogène nyinshi kugirango ikoreshwe mugihe gikenewe, kandi ni intera ihamye yo gukoresha cyane no gutwara neza ingufu za hydrogène.
Acide ya forme ntishobora gukoreshwa cyane mubikoresho fatizo byinganda n’inganda, ariko kandi irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho bishya byangiza ibidukikije byangiza umuhanda wo gushonga urubura kugirango wirinde kwanduza amazi yubutaka.
Acide formique irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugukora selile ya lisansi ikoresha aside irike nkibikoresho fatizo. Mugukoresha aside irike hamwe na ogisijeni kugirango ikore karuboni ya dioxyde de carbone namazi, selile irashobora kubyara amashanyarazi kugirango ikoreshe ibikoresho bito byoroshye nka terefone zigendanwa na mudasobwa zigendanwa.
Ingirabuzimafatizo gakondo ni selile ya hydrogène na selile ya methanol. Imipaka ya selile ya hydrogène nigiciro kinini cyibikoresho bya hydrogène ntoya, ingufu nke za hydrogène ya gaze, hamwe nogutwara no gukoresha hydrogène bishobora guteza akaga; Nubwo methanol ifite ingufu nyinshi, igipimo cyayo cya okiside ya electrocatalytic kiri munsi cyane ya hydrogène, kandi methanol ni uburozi, bikabuza ikoreshwa ryinshi. Acide formique ni isukari mubushyuhe bwicyumba, ifite uburozi buke, kandi ifite ingufu za electromotive kurusha hydrogène na methanol, bityo selile acide acide ifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi ikoreshwa ugereranije na hydrogène na lisansi ya metani [9-10]. Amashanyarazi ya aside irike (DFAFC) ni igisekuru gishya cyogutanga amashanyarazi agendanwa kandi yikwirakwizwa bitewe nuburyo bworoshye bwo gukora, ingufu zidasanzwe nimbaraga. Ikoranabuhanga rihindura ingufu za chimique zibitswe muri acide formique na ogisijeni mu mashanyarazi.
Batare, niyatezwa imbere, izashobora gutanga hafi watt 10 z'amashanyarazi ubudahwema, bivuze ko ishobora gukoresha ibikoresho byinshi bito. Byongeye kandi, nkisoko yingufu, selile ya acide ya fiside itaziguye ifite ibyiza byo gukora neza no kumurika, nko kutagira amashanyarazi, ugereranije na bateri ya lithium-ion. Mugihe ikoranabuhanga rimaze gukura, biteganijwe ko rizahangana na bateri ya lithium ku isoko rito ryo gutanga amashanyarazi. Muri icyo gihe, selile ya acide ya ficike ifite ibyiza byo kutagira uburozi, kudashya, kubika no gutwara ibintu neza, ibikorwa byamashanyarazi, ubwinshi bwingufu nyinshi, imiyoboro ya proton, kwanduza bito kuri proton yo guhanahana ibintu, kandi bishobora kubyara ingufu nini zisohoka ubucucike ku bushyuhe buke, ubusanzwe butoneshwa ninzobere mu nganda. Inganda za elegitoroniki zaba inyungu nyinshi iyo bateri zabaye ingirakamaro. Hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga no kugabanya ibiciro, selile ya acide ya acide izerekana ibyiringiro byiza byo gukoresha inganda kubera ibiranga kuzigama ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije.
Acide formique, nkibicuruzwa bivura imiti byongerewe agaciro cyane mugutunganya karuboni ya dioxyde de no mu gutunganya umusaruro w’ibikoresho fatizo by’imiti, ni ibicuruzwa byongera umusaruro wa karubone kandi bigabanya ibiciro by’umusaruro. Mu bihe biri imbere, bizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku gutunganya karubone n'ingufu no gutandukanya umutungo.

2. Acide formique ni aside ya formique. Acide acide acide ni acide?
Acide formique ni acide formic, acide formic ntabwo acide acetike, acide acike ntabwo acide formic, acide formic ni acide formic. Uratekereza ko Xiaobian ari uruhu cyane, mubyukuri, Xiaobian ni inyangamugayo cyane kugirango umenyekanishe ibintu bibiri bitandukanye byimiti.
Acide ya formic nayo yitwa acide formic kandi ifite formula HCOOH. Acide ya formeque idafite ibara ariko irakara kandi irakomeye, irabyimba hanyuma itukura iyo uhuye nuruhu rwabantu. Formaldehyde ifite imiterere ya aside na aldehyde. Mu nganda z’imiti, aside irike ikoreshwa mu ka rubber, ubuvuzi, amarangi, inganda z’uruhu. Acide formic, mwizina ryayo risanzwe, ni acide yoroshye ya karubasi. Amazi atagira ibara afite impumuro nziza. Intege nke za electrolyte, gushonga ingingo 8.6, guteka 100.7. Ni acide cyane na caustic, kandi irashobora kurakaza uruhu kubyimba. Iboneka mu gusohora inzuki n'ibimonyo bimwe na bimwe by'inyenzi.
acide formique (acide formique) ni aside irike ya karubasi ya aside hamwe na karubone imwe. Yavumbuwe mbere mubimonyo, niyo mpamvu izina acide formic.
Acide acike, nanone yitwa acide acetike (36% -38%), acide glacial acetique (98%), imiti ya chimique CH3COOH, ni ubwoko bwa acide monic organique, nkibice bigize vinegere. Acide ya anhydrous acetike (acide glacial acetic acide) ni hygroscopique itagira ibara ifite ubukonje bwa 16,6 ℃ hamwe na kirisiti itagira ibara nyuma yo gukomera. Igisubizo cyacyo cyamazi ni acide nkeya kandi ntishobora kwangirika, kandi amavuta agira ingaruka mbi kumaso no mumazuru.
Acide formique ikoreshwa cyane muri farumasi yimiti, reberi coagulant, imyenda, gucapa no gusiga irangi, amashanyarazi, imirima yimpu, nibikoresho fatizo byibanze byinganda zikora imiti, ubusanzwe bikoreshwa muruganda ahanini bivuga aside irike 85%.

3. Nigute ushobora kuvana amazi muri acide formique?
Acide formique yo gukuraho amazi, irashobora kongeramo sulfate y'umuringa wa anhydrous, sulfate ya anhidrous magnesium sulfate kugirango ikureho amazi, ubu ni uburyo bwa chimique, hiyongereyeho amabwiriza yihariye
. Tugomba rero guhitamo ② igikoresho; Sodium hydroxide yumuti, calcium hydroxide ya calcium irashobora gukuramo gaze ya gaze ya acide ya acide ivanze muri CO, ariko ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza igisubizo cya sodium hydroxide irakomeye kuruta calcium hydroxide. Kubwibyo, igikoresho kidahitamo ③;
. Noneho winjiye muri G, mubihe bishyushye. Kugabanya imyuka ya karubone kugabanya okiside y'umuringa, gaze iva H, hanyuma ikava muri F ikinjira muri calcium hydroxide ya calcium, gerageza kubyara dioxyde de carbone. Kubwibyo, interineti ihuza urutonde rwa buri gikoresho ni: B, D, C, G, H, F.
. CO
Cu + CO2.
.
Igisubizo ni:
(1) ②, ③;
(2) BDCGHF;
(3) Umukara kugeza umutuku, CuO + CO △ Cu + CO2;
(4) umwuma.

4. Ibisobanuro byimiterere, ituze hamwe nuburyo bwo kubika aside ya anhydrous formic
Imyunyungugu ya aside iruta 95% kugirango ihindurwe aside irike, kwibumbira hejuru ya 99.5% izwi nka anhydrous formic aside, ni ibikoresho fatizo byinganda zikora imiti ngororamubiri, yakoreshejwe cyane muri farumasi yimiti, reberi coagulant, imyenda, gucapa no gusiga irangi , amashanyarazi, uruhu nindi mirima, iyi na anhydrous formic aside irike hamwe no gutuza ntaho bitandukaniye, kumiterere no gutuza kwa acide anhydrous formic nuburyo bwo kubika byasobanuwe gutya:
Ibyiza no gutuza kwa acide ya anhydrous:
1. Imiterere yimiti: Acide formic nigikoresho gikomeye kigabanya kandi gishobora kubyara indorerwamo ya silver. Ifite aside irike yuzuye aside irike, kandi guhora gutandukana ni 2.1 × 10-4. Buhoro buhoro bicamo moxyde de carbone n'amazi mubushyuhe bwicyumba. Hamwe na acide sulfurike yibanze ishyushya 60 ~ 80 ℃, kubora birekura monoxyde de carbone. Acide formique ibora kurekura karubone na hydrogène iyo ishyutswe hejuru ya 160 ℃. Umunyu wa alkali wumunyu wa acide formic ushyushye kuri *** 400 ℃ kugirango ube oxalate.
2. Acide formique ishonga ibinure. Guhumeka imyuka ya aside irike irashobora gutera uburakari bukabije mumazuru no mumunwa kandi bishobora gutera uburibwe. Wambare mask ikingira hamwe na gants ya reberi mugihe ukoresha aside irike. Amahugurwa agomba kuba afite ibikoresho byo koza no gukaraba amaso, aho ukorera hagomba guhumeka neza, kandi aside irike ishobora kwemerwa cyane mukirere kiri mumupaka ni 5 * 10-6. Abahitanwa no guhumeka bagomba guhita bava aho hantu, bagahumeka umwuka mwiza, kandi bagahumeka 2% ya sodium bicarbonate. Iyo umaze kwanduzwa na aside irike, kwoza ako kanya n'amazi menshi, witondere kudahanagura imyenda itose.
3. Guhagarara: Guhagarara
4. Impanuka ya polymerisation: Nta polymerisation
5. Ibicuruzwa bibujijwe: okiside ikomeye, alkali ikomeye, ifu yicyuma ikora
Uburyo bwo kubika aside ya Anhydrous:
Ububiko bwo kubika aside irike idasanzwe: Bika mububiko bukonje, buhumeka. Irinde umuriro n'ubushyuhe. Ubushyuhe bwicyumba cyo kubikamo ntiburenga 32 and, kandi nubushuhe bugereranije ntiburenga 80%. Komeza ikintu. Igomba kubikwa ukwayo na okiside, alkali hamwe nifu yicyuma ikora, kandi ntigomba kuvangwa. Bifite ibikoresho bitandukanye hamwe nubunini bwibikoresho byumuriro. Ahantu ho guhunika hagomba kuba hafite ibikoresho byo kuvura byihutirwa nibikoresho bifatika.

5. Acide formique nigicuruzwa gisanzwe cyimiti mubuzima bwacu.
Ku bantu benshi, ikintu nyamukuru kiranga aside irike ni impumuro yacyo ikaze, ishobora kunuka kure, ariko kandi ibi nibitekerezo byabantu benshi kuri acide formique.
Noneho aside aside ni iki? Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gukoresha? Ni he bigaragarira mubuzima bwacu? Tegereza, abantu benshi ntibashobora gusubiza ibyo.
Mubyukuri, birumvikana ko acide formic itari igicuruzwa rusange nyuma ya byose, kubyumva, cyangwa kugira ubumenyi runaka, akazi cyangwa urwego rwumwuga.
Nkibara ritagira ibara, ariko hariho impumuro nziza yamazi, ifite na acide ikomeye kandi ikabora, niba tutitondeye gukoresha intoki cyangwa urundi ruhu kandi tugahuza nabyo, noneho uruhu ruzaba kubera kurakara. ifuro ritaziguye, ukeneye kubonana na muganga vuba bishoboka, kugirango avurwe.
Ariko nubwo aside irike isanzwe muri rusange mubimenyekanisha rubanda, mubuzima busanzwe, mubyukuri nikimwe mubicuruzwa bikoreshwa cyane mu miti, ntibigaragara gusa mubice byose byubuzima bwacu, hari imirima myinshi utigeze utekereza, mubyukuri , acide formique irahari, kandi nayo yatanze imisanzu myinshi. Komeza umwanya w'ingenzi.
Acide formike irashobora kuboneka mubikorwa nkimiti yica udukoko, uruhu, amarangi, imiti na reberi, niba witayeho gato.
Acide ya formic hamwe nigisubizo cyamazi ya acide formic ntishobora gushonga gusa okiside yicyuma, hydroxide nicyuma gitandukanye, ariko kandi na formati bakora irashobora gushonga mumazi, kuburyo ishobora no gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byoza imiti.
Usibye porogaramu zavuzwe haruguru, aside aside irashobora no gukoreshwa muburyo bukurikira:
1. Ubuvuzi: vitamine B1, mebendazole, aminopyrine, nibindi.;
2, imiti yica udukoko: ifu ya rust ning, triazolone, tricyclozole, triamidazole, polybulozole, tenobulozole, ether yica udukoko, nibindi.;
3. Chimie: calcium ikora, sodium ikora, ammonium ikora, potasiyumu ikora, Ethyl formate, barium formate, formamide, rubber antioxidant, neopentyl glycol, amavuta ya soya ya epoxy, amavuta ya soya ya epoxy octyl, amavuta yo gukuramo amarangi, resin ya fenolike. isahani, n'ibindi.;
4, uruhu: gutegura uruhu rwo gutunganya uruhu, umukozi wo gusiba no kutabogama;
5, reberi: coagulant isanzwe;
6, abandi: gucapa no gusiga mordant, fibre nimpapuro zo gusiga impapuro, umukozi wo kuvura, plasitike, kubika ibiryo ninyongeramusaruro yinyamanswa, nibindi.